Mass Communication & Journalism

Research can be defined to be search for knowledge or any systematic investigation to establish facts. The primary purpose for applied research (as opposed to basic research) is discovering, interpreting, and the development of methods and systems for the advancement of human knowledge on a wide variety of scientific matters of our world and the universe. Research can use the scientific method, but need not do so. KINDS OF RESEARCH: Research can be studied or conduct under two divisions According to the methods   According to the purpose These both could be further sub divided in numerous ways but the following eight pairs of classification schemes are particularly important:- Quantitative or Qualitative Research. Interpretive Functional Research Experimental or Naturalistic Research. Laboratory or Field Research Participant or Non Participant Research Overt or Unobtrusive Research        Cross-Sectional or Longitudinal Research Basic or Applie

Interapersonal Communication:      It is a communication transaction that takes place within the individual, this is the silent talking all of us do to ourselves such as thinking, remembering, dreaming and deciding. Intrapersonal communication is made possible because man become object to himself.  That is he both produces and receives to same message.  This type of communication fills more time in our experience because in every communication are always subject to our own private interpretation. Interpersonal Communication:        It is the process of face-to-face interaction between sender and receiver such as group meetings, interviews, conversations among individuals.  It has the advantage of a two-way communication with immediate feedback. Interpersonal communication is very effective in influencing attitudes and behavior. Hazarded focused in its characteristics in that field: Macro Group Communication:        This is most effective form of

Communication is a process of transferring information from one body to another. Communication processes are sign-mediated interactions between at least two agents which share a stock of signs and semiotic rules. Communication is commonly defined as "the imparting or interchange of thoughts, opinions, or information by speech, writing, or signs". Although there is such a thing as one-way communication, communication can be perceived better as a two-way process in which there is an exchange and progression of thoughts, feelings or ideas (energy) towards a mutually accepted goal or direction (information). Communication is a process whereby information is enclosed in a package and is channeled and imparted by a sender to a receiver via some medium. The receiver then decodes the message and gives the sender a feedback. All forms of communication require a sender, a message, and a receiver. Communication requires that all parties have an area of communicative commonality. There

Swat is a valley and an administrative district in the North-West Frontier Province (NWFP) of Pakistan located 160 km/100 miles from Islamabad, the capital of Pakistan. It is the upper valley of the Swat River, which rises in the Hindu Kush range. The capital of Swat is Saidu Sharif, but the main town in the Swat valley is Mingora. It was a princely state in the NWFP until it was dissolved in 1969. With high mountains, green meadows, and clear lakes, it is a place of great natural beauty that used to be popular with tourists as "the Switzerland of Pakistan". Swat was a princely state and is now part of Pakistan. Swat was part of the Mughal Empire ruled by local rulers known as Akhwand. From 1926 until 1947, Swat was a princely state in British Raj, and in 1947 it acceded to Pakistan. It lay to the north of the modern North-West Frontier Province of Pakistan until it was dissolved in 1969. It incorporated the current states of Swat, Buner